Katswiri wina wa masamu wachigiriki dzina lake Alkutas analongosolapo mfundo ya zomangira, zomangira, ndi zomangira.M’zaka za m’ma 100 C.E., anthu a m’mayiko a ku Mediterranean anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito zitsulo zomangira zamatabwa, zomangira, ndi zomangira, zomwe zimatha kufinya mafuta a azitona kapena kuchotsa madzi a mphesa popanga vinyo.Zaka za m'ma 1500 zisanafike, zomangira zachitsulo, zomangira, zomangira, sizinkagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri ngati zomangira ku Ulaya.
Rybczynski (Rybczynski) anatsimikizira kuti zomangira pamanja screwdrivers, screwdrivers analipo mu Middle Ages (pa 1580 AD atsopano), koma sizinali mpaka m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu kuti kugwirizana ndi malonda a fasteners ulusi ndipo anayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Zomangira za ulusi zisanagwiritsidwe ntchito kwambiri, panali njira zambiri zomangira.Nthawi zambiri zimagwirizana ndi matabwa ndi kupangira, osati kukonza makina.Mfundo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi monga ma dowels ndi ma pin, wedges, mortises, dovetails, misomali, kupangira ndi kuwotcherera, ndi zina zomangidwa pamodzi ndi chikopa kapena ulusi.Pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1900, zikhomo za cotter, ma pin bolts kapena rivets zidagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zombo.Panthawiyo, zomatira zinaliponso, koma panalibe mitundu yambiri monga masiku ano.
M'zaka za zana la khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu, panali zida zamakina zomwe zimatha kupanga zomangira, zomangira, ndi zomangira.Zomangira zachitsulo, zomangira, ndi zomangira zidakhala zomangira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.Tekinoloje iyi idapangidwa m'ma 1760 ndi 1770, kutsatira njira ziwiri zosiyana.Njira, koma zophatikizana mwachangu: zomangira zamatabwa, zomangira, zomangira (zomata zachitsulo, zomangira, zomangira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza matabwa) zimakonzedwa ndi cholinga chimodzi, zida zamakina zokolola zambiri, komanso zocheperako, zopangira nkhungu zogulitsira V. , zomangira, zomangira, mutha kusankha zomangira zosiyanasiyana.
Njira yoyamba yomwe tatchulayi idaperekedwa koyamba ndi abale Job ndi William Wyatt aku Staffordshire, England.Adafunsira patent mu 1760, yomwe imatha kutchedwa screw nthawi zambiri.Zomangira, mtundu wakale wa makina omangira, umagwiritsa ntchito wononga kutsogolera chitsulo chodulira kuti chimveke bwino.The screw groove imapangidwa ndi fayilo yozungulira, ndipo spindle inali itayima panthawiyo.Sizinafike mpaka 1776 pomwe adamanga fakitale yoyamba yopangira matabwa, zomangira, ndi zomangira, ndikuyamba kugwira ntchito.Bizinesi yawo inalephera, koma mwiniwake watsopanoyo zinthu zinayenda bwino.M’zaka za m’ma 1780, zomangira, zomangira, ndi zomangira 16,000 zinkapangidwa patsiku, zomwe zimangofunikira antchito 30 okha.Kupanga ndi zokolola zamakampaniwa ndizomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku ano, koma zinali zosintha kwambiri.
Nthawi yomweyo, wopanga zida waku Britain Jesse Ramsdon (1735-1800) nayenso adagwira ntchito ya zida ndi kufa, ndipo adakumana ndi vuto la screw, screw, screw cutting.Mu 1777, adapanga makina oyamba okhutiritsa.Screw lathe.Katswiri wina wa ku Britain Henry Mozley (1771-1831) anali wotchuka chifukwa cha kutchuka kwa ukadaulo uwu ndi zomangira zake zomangira.Zomangira zomwe zidagwiritsidwa ntchito zinali 1797 ndi 1800, kuphatikiza zomangira zotsogola, mipando yotsetsereka, ndi magiya osinthika.Ma seti a zida zonse ndizomwe zimapangidwira kupanga mafakitale.Anagwirizanitsa njira zopangira zomangira, zomangira, ndi zomangira za Whitney Brothers ndi Ramsdon, ndipo adagwiritsa ntchito njira zomwe zidapangidwa kale popanga zomangira, zomangira, ndi zomangira kuti apange zomangira zamakina, zomangira, ndi zomangira, zomwe zidalimbikitsa kutsatsa malonda. kupanga.Kampani yake idakali chida chotsogola cha zida zamakina zaka khumi pambuyo pake.Katswiri wina waku Scotland James Nasmith sanafotokoze molakwika kuti Mozley "anapanga" mpando wotsetsereka.Izi sizinali zolakwika.Mozley anapanga lathe kutchuka.
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-06-2021